Ultra-wideband and high-performance microwave vortex beam generator based on single-layer Pancharatnam–Berry metasurface with stacked-arc-shaped meta-atoms

Abstract

Abstract Vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) reveals essential application potential in regimes ranging from communication to high-resolution imaging due to the capability to expand channel capacity. However, many current methods for generating vortex beams suffer from narrow bandwidth, low efficiency, and high profile, which undoubtedly will limit their practical application. In this paper, a microwave ultra-wideband single-layer Pancharatnam–Berry metasurface is proposed to convert incident plane waves into vortex waves. The proposed novel stacked-arc-shaped meta-atoms of the metasurface can realize high-performance spin angular momentum-OAM conversion with the efficiency of more than 83% within a considerable bandwidth from 5.85 to 19.56 GHz (fractal bandwidth of 108%), which achieves high-efficiency operation within a wider bandwidth compared to some other wideband metasurface-based vortex beam generator. Three metasurface prototypes for generating vortex beams with the topological charges of l = ±2, −1, −3 respectively are designed. In addition, a metasurface for generating a vortex beam with the topological charge of l = ±2 is fabricated as an example to demonstrate the feasibility and high performance of our vortex beam generator. The generated vortex beams with the mode order of ±2, −1, −3 both in the near-field and the far-field zone are simulated theoretically and the generated vortex beam with the mode order of l = −2 is measured experimentally. The results of the simulation and experiment coincide with each other, which verified the proposed vortex beam generation method successfully. The proposed vortex beam generator is valuable and user-friendly in practical application because of the advantages of low profile, ultra-wide bandwidth, high efficiency, and easy fabrication.