Spin waves in unsaturated single- and double-layered ferromagnetic nanorings

Abstract

Abstract A theoretical analysis is described for the spin waves in single- and double-layered nanorings using a microscopic, or Hamiltonian-based, formalism. The calculations, which yield the frequencies and spatially-dependent intensities of the quantized spin waves, are applied to the vortex and onion (bi-domain) states in a single nanoring, as well as to the field-induced switching. In the case of asymmetric double-layered nanorings (with a nonmagnetic spacer) there are coupled spin waves controlled by varying the spacer thickness to change the strength of the inter-ring dipolar interactions. The different possible magnetic states, depending on the applied magnetic field, may involve vortex states (with the same or opposite chirality) in both layers, a vortex state in one layer and onion state in the other, or onion states in both layers. Numerical applications are made to permalloy nanorings with realistic dimensions and magnetic parameter values.