Assignment of Irrigation Norms for Available Water Reserves Taking Into Account Soil Heterogeneity as a Water Saving Approach to Crop Irrigation

Abstract

Abstract Water-saving irrigation regimes for crops include reducing irrigation costs by reducing water supply. However, it also affects obtaining maximum crop yields, and increasing the fertility of the land, and avoiding negative environmental consequences. Creating the optimal, most favorable, comfortable level of soil moisture is a difficult task, which is influenced by many factors. One of the approaches to the appointment of irrigation norms is to take into account the heterogeneity of the soil profile and available moisture reserves. Formulas for calculating irrigation rates for available moisture reserves allow rational use of irrigation water, minimizing losses. The calculation was carried out according to two formulas - according to A.N. Kostyakova both for available moisture reserves for the 0-60 cm layer as a whole and layers every 10 cm. The choice of the estimated year was based on the availability of a water balance deficit, defined as the difference between the water consumption E and precipitation Pe for the calculation period. As a result of calculations, the following results were obtained: taking into account the heterogeneity of the soil profile, it is possible to save from 100 to 400 m3 / ha during the growing season without loss of crop yield.