Scope for improving the efficiency and environmental impact of internal combustion engines using engine downsizing approach: A comprehensive case study

Abstract

Abstract Downsizing, decrease of engine size, shows up as a significant method of enhancing fuel utilization of engines while keeping up bit of leeway of low emisions these days in market. The downsizing methodology with turbocharged applications is presently to an ever-increasing extent situated towards fuel economy, because of specific arrangements. The utilization of gasoline direct injection combined with turbochargers gives a few methods of improving aversion to knock particularly at heavy load and lower engine speeds where current PFI motors with forced induction are as yet restricted. In this study we are discussing about the performance, test conditions and emissions with respect to standard naturally aspirated engines. We have also compared various methodologies used for downsizing rather than turbocharging and how they help in overcoming the issues with turbocharging like low boost and turbo lag. Reducing the weight of moving parts like piston and crankshaft, thus reducing the overall weight of engine which increases its efficiency, by 3D printing methods is also studied. Shortcomings and conclusions drawn from the use of various Alternate Fuels and comparisons of various methodologies like Exhaust Gas Recirculation, Water Injection, coupling of a small compressor etc. are recorded and discussed.