It’s not all about the COLREGs: a case-based risk study for autonomous coastal ferries

Abstract

Abstract Whilst the maritime world is preparing for autonomous vessels or Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), as defined by IMO, we suggest an approach to investigate the risks involved with introducing such ships into service. This case study investigates the risks regarding other surface vessels that the MASS can encounter on their voyage between two berths used by coastal ferries in Norway. The ferries in this case, operate within a fjord declared as testbed for autonomous operations. Albeit the technology is available and declared ready, the area of operation is not. This paper seeks to address some of the remaining obstacles with regards to the risks involved.