An Overview on Biomaterials and Its Applications in Medical Science

Abstract

Abstract Biomaterials have been used tremendously in medical science over last many decades. In human body a number of body tissues like teeth, ligament, bones tendons and others have been successfully replaced by these biomaterials. In present scenario the various applications of these biomaterials are still awaited. The most important challenge in using these biomaterials is immune rejection because in current situation the lifetime implants and bone replacement must required biocompatibility along with the biological and mechanical characteristics of the biomaterial used. Till now a number of biomaterials have been discovered and due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, these are biomaterials are employed significantly in biotherapy and medical science. On the basis of the source, these biomaterials can be grouped into two categories namely natural or synthetic polymers, henceforth they have paid much consideration. An ideal biomaterial must have the following characteristics like they fulfill the various chemical and physical requirements along with the mechanical vigor and biocompatibility e.g. stainless steel, zirconia, alumina, Co-Cr alloys, polythene (high molecular weight), poly methyl methacrylate etc. In present scenario, considerable efforts has been done in improving the utility of artificial joints, but now the current focus has been committed for reducing the wear and to amplify the duration of implants or prosthesis inside the human body. In the present review an efforts has been made to provide awareness and importance of these biomaterials in the medical science along with fulfilling all the challenges.