The utilization of agricultural waste as biochar for optimizing swampland: a review

Abstract

Abstract The utilization of agricultural waste as biochar is one way to manage agricultural waste to encourage swamps optimization. There is quite a lot of agricultural waste in Indonesia estimated to reach 10.7 t y−1, including rice-husks, cocoa pods, coconut-shells, oil palm shells, and corncobs. One of the management of agricultural waste is to make biochar from various sources of raw materials. This paper is intended to provide information about agricultural waste as biochar in agriculture to optimize swampland in Indonesia. The quality of biochar depends on raw materials, incinerator, combustion temperature, and the length of combustion. The application of biochar on agricultural land serves as a soil enhancer that can improve its chemical properties and soil physical properties. Improvements in the quality of the soil chemical and physical properties impact the availability of nutrients and water through the ability of biochar to retain nutrients and water. In the end, the addition of biochar has implications for increasing the productivity of food crops. In the future, it is expected that with the application of biochar, swamplands can increase productivity.