Resilient architecture; a design approach to counter terrorism in building for safety of occupants

Abstract

Abstract The intensity of fear of insecurity has increased in 21st century due to the frequency and global spread of terrorism. Homes, public infrastructures and utilities have been damaged; physical and psychological injuries inflicted; economic fortunes wrecked in a minute; many rendered homeless and lives lost as a result of terrorism and threats to terrorism. Historically, bombs and explosives have been a favourite tactic of terrorists, this is because ingredients for homemade bombs are effortlessly obtained in the open market, as are the techniques for its construction and also are easy and quick to execute. However, one area counter terrorism strategy has been universally identical is in architecture and urban planning. The aim of this paper is to reveal the need for a change in ideological approach to design by architects and planners in Nigeria in order to safeguard the environment. It discusses architectural design approach to counter terrorism in building for occupant’s safety and draws analogy from the defensive architecture of ancient times. The paramount theme is on terrorist attack with regards to explosive and bomb, the focus is on an approach that limits damage or mitigates damage rather than a blast-resistant approach. The study employed the use of case study research method with extensive review of literature of the past and present approach to counter terrorism. The result highlights some practical security design strategy that will improve occupant’s safety within a structure if incorporated in architectural designs. This will also facilitate evacuation efforts and enhance rescue endeavour in an unlikely incidence of terror attack. It concludes and advocate for a proactive design strategy for buildings in Nigeria.