Optimal Design of Wall and Ceiling Structures According to the Mechanical Safety and Comfort of the Internal Environment

Abstract

Abstract The article describes an approach to the optimal design of load-bearing structures of walls and ceilings, taking into account not only the factors of strength and stiffness, but also the internal environment of the premises. The problem of optimization of structural systems, taking into account safety, reliability and comfort is currently particularly relevant. Most scientific studies consider each factor separately, which can lead to deterioration of both the functional process in the premises and the onset of the risk of an emergency. An evolutionary modeling scheme is proposed, which operates with discrete sets of parameters and allows to obtain design solutions of minimal cost based on a joint integrated consideration of strength, deformability, thermal protection and acoustic comfort of walls and ceilings. The minimization of the structures cost is assumed as a goal function. Stresses, strains, thermal resistance to heat transfer and the value of airborne sound insulation index are considered as active constraints. Two problem statements are considered. The first one takes into account the design of walls according to the criteria of strength and heat engineering, and the second one is the design of the ceilings with ensuring strength, stiffness and acoustic comfort. Examples of the optimal design of the residential building walls and floors with regard to the conditions considered are given.