Ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assistedextraction model for solvent design

Abstract

Abstract Ionic liquid is a favourable solvent in separation process due to the vast possibilities of ionic liquid structures. Many researches showed that ionic liquid extract higheramount of phytochemicals compared to conventional solvents. Even better, ionic liquid extraction coupled with ultrasonic-assisted extraction produced higher yield and less hassle. Therefore, ionic liquid can be considered as a suitable solvent for herbal extraction. This study is a part of a solvent design framework to obtain an extraction process model. It focuses on the process of ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoid and phenolic acid from Labisiapumila. A two level, four factor of central composite design (CCD) was employed to determine the effect of the process factors towards yield of flavonoid and phenolic acid extracted from the herb. The process factors are the temperature (Celsius), extraction time (min), power (W) and type of ionic liquid (based on their dielectric point). The extracted samples were analysed to determine the yield of flavonoid and phenolic acid. Two models were developed for flavonoid and phenolic acid extraction based on the optimization results. The models are important as yield prediction in solvent process performance stage of the development of ionic liquid design framework.