Heat analysis for energy management in neighbourhoods: case study of a large housing cooperative in Norway

Abstract

Abstract As a basis for energy management in apartment blocks, this paper characterises heat use in a large housing cooperative in Norway, with in total 1,058 apartments. Heat measurements with hourly resolution are available from 20 heating substations. Average specific heat delivery is 139 kWh per heated floor area. A linear regression model is described, modelling specific heat delivered to the apartments. Models are also used for separating heat to domestic hot water (DHW) from the total heat delivery, with a modelled DHW heat delivery of 34 kWh/m2. Daily heat load profiles are presented, for delivered heat during weekdays and holidays in the annual seasons. The study shows a potential for shifting heat loads in time on a neighbourhood level.