The Effect of Mechanochemical on The Formation of Calcium Titanate (CaTiO3) Prepared by High Energy Milling

Abstract

Abstract Single-phase calcium titanate (CaTiO3) was successfully synthesized by mechanical milling and the solid-state reaction of CaCO3 and TiO2. The speed of high energy ball milling was 700 rpm with the ball and jar were made from stainless steel. The milling time and ball to powder ratio was 10 h and 50 h, respectively. After milling for 10 h, the mixed powder of CaCO3 and TiO2 experienced heavy milling, which indicated by the average particle size before and after milling was > 1 µm and 85.56 ± 35.62 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the XRD pattern of milled powder revealed the disappearance of CaCO3 peaks and a considerable reduction of TiO2 peaks after milling for 10 h. Moreover, the presence of CaTiO3 peaks in the milled powder was noticeably detected in the XRD pattern, showing the mechanical alloying of CaCO3 and TiO2 was occurred. The milled powder was calcined at 800, 900 and 1000°C for 2 h. The results showed the formation of a single phase of CaTiO3 after calcination at any temperatures. However, the samples indicated the presence of Fe2O3, which from the milling media. The presence of impurities after milling is inevitable due to friction between ball and jar. Further study is needed to obtain the optimum condition of mechanical milling to minimize the contamination.