Crude glycerol from waste cooking oil treatment as an alternative solvent in synthesis of diethyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate

Abstract

Abstract Diethyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, a 1,4-DHP derivative, has been synthesized from benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate via a one-pot three component reaction in crude glycerol as solvent. Crude glycerol was obtained from the treatment of waste cooking oil. The product was obtained in 69 % yield when the reaction was conducted at 90 °C for 1 h under reflux in 10 mL glycerol.