Towards water integration in Eco-Industrial Park: An overview of water recovery from industries

Abstract

Abstract Water integration among different industries in Eco-Industrial Park brings a promising opportunity in reducing freshwater consumption by implementing industrial symbiosis concept. Mixing of wastewater from industries might be cost-effective, however, it is not the best option for water reuse since different reuse option requires different water qualities and treatment. Thus, wastewater segregation based on the wastewater source and quality is required. This paper reviews the potential wastewater source from the industry and wastewater recovery prior to be reused. The review is based on the literature survey from the industries, suppliers and guidelines. From the survey, wastewater sources that can be recovered for reuse option are water generated as by-product, wastewater from the cleaning operation and utility operation. These wastewater sources cannot be mixed because each source has different types of contaminant content. Appropriate water quality can be achieved through primary, secondary and tertiary treatment. Advance technology such as membranes are efficient to remove non-desirable compounds from wastewater. The treated wastewater can provide a viable solution as an alternative water source to ease water-related stress and wastewater segregation can reduce the burden of the treatment.