Doubling off-axis electron cyclotron current drive efficiency via velocity space engineering

Abstract

Abstract For the first time, experiments on the DIII-D tokamak have demonstrated electron cyclotron current drive with more than double the conventional efficiency by tailoring the wave–particle interactions in velocity space using a novel ‘top launch’ geometry. Steering the EC waves to propagate nearly parallel to the resonance drives current more efficiently by (1) selective damping on electrons with higher parallel velocity v||, and (2) longer absorption path to compensate for inherently weaker absorption at higher v||. Experiments using a fixed-injection top launch system find an optimal velocity space interaction for maximum current drive efficiency at ρ ∼ 0.5 where the ease of drawing out a high v|| electron tail is balanced by sufficient absorption.