Eden growth models for flat clathrin lattices with vacancies

Abstract

Abstract Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is one of the major pathways by which cells internalise cargo molecules. Recently it has been shown that clathrin triskelia can first assemble as flat lattices before the membrane starts to bend. However, for fully assembled clathrin lattices high energetic and topological barriers exist for the flat-to-curved transition. Here we explore the possibility that flat clathrin lattices grow with vacancies that are not visible in traditional imaging techniques but would lower these barriers. We identify the Eden model for cluster growth as the most appropriate modeling framework and systematically derive the four possible variants that result from the specific architecture of the clathrin triskelion. Our computer simulations show that the different models lead to clear differences in the statistical distributions of cluster shapes and densities. Experimental results from electron microscopy and correlative light microscopy provide first indications for the model variants with a moderate level of lattice vacancies.