Configurational dynamics of flexible filaments in bacterial active baths

Abstract

Abstract Biopolymers with microscale length and nanoscale cross-sections subjected to active forces is a common non-equilibrium phenomenon in living creatures. It is therefore crucial to intuitively present and investigate the detailed dynamics of such flexible filaments in an active bath full of living matter. Hence, by introducing fluorescent actin filament into an active suspension of motile bacteria at different number densities in a quasi-two-dimensional chamber, we directly visualize the detailed interaction processes and find that bacteria deform a fluctuating filament by relative motion perpendicular to its principal axis of the filament and straighten a filament by parallel motions. We analyzed the evolution of bending energy in dilute and dense bacterial baths with gradual compact or coiled shapes. We successfully introduce a dimensionless number μ ˜ , named as active elasto-viscous number, which governs the generic deformation of filaments in the bacterial baths by comparing the viscous force generated in the bacterial active baths to the elastic restoring force of filaments. The persistence length measuring the tangential correlation of the flexible filament is found to be proportional to μ ˜ . Finally, an effective temperature of the bacterial bath is given through the relation between constant stiffness and loading forces instead of the popularly used Einstein relation. Our findings provide detailed information and specific scaling of flexible filaments interplay with active forces and in response to living and crowded environments.