Novel bio-waste of Cinnamomum Verum leaves-derived carbon coin cylinder-like as sustainable electrode material for symmetrical supercapacitor

Abstract

Abstract Carbon material sourced from bio-organic waste is a promising electrode material exploration for the development of sustainable supercapacitor devices. Interestingly, their relatively environmentally benign sources and unlimited availability are the right choices to be developed as energy conversion systems and energy storage applications. Here, a novel high-potential bio-waste has been studied as a carbon source for electrode materials for symmetrical supercapacitor applications. Biomass materials were selected from Cinnamomum Verum leaves waste which was given a series of measurable and systematically structured treatments. Carbon precursor was synthesized with a simple strategy through a one/two-step activation ratio in an integrated pyrolysis system. Their chemical impregnation focused on H3PO4, ZnCl2, and H3PO4+ZnCl2 solutions. The renewal of the study was also highlighted in the design of a solid coin-like carbon cylinder material without additive binder. The solid carbon material that has been obtained has been evaluated for all dimensions including mass, thickness, diameter, and volume. In addition, the density of the coins that have been generated through density calculations is also reviewed. The density of the coin’s carbon shows a value of 0.98 g cm−3 with an average standard deviation of 0.08. The electrochemical properties of carbon electrode materials were studied through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) analysis. In the two-system configuration, the optimized electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 162.83 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 101 F g−1 at 10 A g−1. Furthermore, their performance is relatively high at a coulombic efficiency of around 76.23% with a capability rate of 63.11%. Moreover, the resulting energy density is 17.18 Wh kg−1 at a maximum power density of 125 W kg−1. Therefore, this study offers a new strategy to obtain carbon solid coin-like from bio-organic sources of Cinnamon Verum leaves as a high-quality electrode material to improve the performance of symmetric energy storage devices.