Effect of Vegetation Profile and Air Data Rate on Packet Loss Performance of LoRa E32-30dBm 433 MHz as a Wireless Data Transmission

Abstract

Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) communication network is currently one of the rapidly expanding uses a technology called the Long Range (LoRa) module using unlicensed industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) radio frequencies. For sensor data transmission, the propagation depends on many parameters, such as transmit power, antenna, and vegetation obstacles on the propagation path. This work presents a 30 dBm LoRa E32-433T30D module of 433 MHz used for biosensor data transmission. LoRa performance testing was carried out in obstacle-dense areas (NLoS) of the Tempuling forest Riau that varies the distance parameters, and the programmable transmission speed (ADR) ranges from 1.2 Kbps to 9.2 Kbps. Results show that the higher the ADR value, the shorter the signal range, which is represented by the increase of the packet loss number. The highest ADR value is 19.2 Kbps signal coverage is only able to cover a distance of 1.4 Km with a data loss number of 86 %, while for 1.2 Kbps experiences a data loss of 20 % at a distance of 2 Km. The highest signal strength RSSI value was obtained at -67 dBm at a distance of 200 m and the lowest at -102 dBm at a distance of 2 Km. The decrease in RSSI value is caused by attenuation and signal interference from the obstacle height that exceeds the height of the antenna.