Anti-mycobacterial and GC-MS Studies of Irvingia gabonensis Baill Ex. Lanen Stem Extracts

Abstract

Abstract Irvingia gabonensis baill ex. lanen (Bush mango) is an ethno-medicinal plant that has been used for traditional therapeutic purposes. With the increasing rate of drug resistance to various diseases in the society today, there is the need for alternative sources of drugs for the treatment of such disease. The Bush mango plant presents a potential candidate for such drugs discovery. Extracts from the plant stem were derived by cold maceration separately in methanol (MeOH) and Dichloromethane (DCM) for a period of 7 days. Phyto-constituents were also identified in extracts of stems by using hyphenated mass spectrometer and chromatographic technique, the Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) while the functional group of such phyto-constituents were identified with the aid of Nicolet 5700 Fourier Transform– Infra-Red spectrometer. Anti-tubercular screening was performed on extracts against clinically isolated drug-susceptible strains (DS-MTB-1 - DS-MTB-5), drug resistant strains (DR-MTB-1, DR-MTB-2) and a standard tubercular strain, H37Rv. This was controlled with drug standards, rifampicin and levofloxacin. Extracts revealed the presence of phyto-constituents such as saponins, tannin, alkaloids and phenol. It was observed that both extracts recorded high % alkaloid content at 10.37±0.02. Also, identified by FTIR as the principal part of the extracts are hydrocarbon groups such as carboxylic acid (1042), while the presence of the volatile components such as 9-Oxabicyclo [6.1.0] nonane (C8H14O) and 1-Chlorobutatriene (C4H3C) were reported by GC-MS. Extracts exhibited significant anti-tubercular activity against all organisms. Therefore, this study promotes the use of Irvingia gabonensis baill ex. lanen for phytotherapeutics purposes.