Introductory Analysis of Spark Ignition Engine and Extensively Implemented Electric Alternatives

Abstract

Abstract Energy crises and climate change lead to restricted standards of emission and energy consumption in regular road vehicles. Combustion method, ignition time, and injection time are engine development priorities. Optimal injection and ignition timing at 1600 rpm can save 10% on brake fuel. Perfect injection and ignition timing reduce heat loss and emissions. Various approaches to reducing transportation emissions and energy were implemented. Plug-in electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) were eliminated because of the lack of charging and refilling facilities. Mild hybrid energy recovery devices are considered straightforward and effective. Because of its effectiveness and longevity, Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS) is the most popular hybrid system in road automobiles. Future road energy recovery systems may include heat energy recovery methods and solar panels. However, electric vehicles with regenerative technologies own the highest energy efficiency among all the proposed solutions with the advantage of no pollution during the operation.