Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Assaiq and Senah Hot Springs Water in Hadhramout-Yemen and the Assessment of Water Quality for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes

Abstract

Abstract AL-Diss Ashrqiya, known for its hot springs water. This study was performed to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of Assaiq and Senah springs water that located in AL-Diss Ashrqiya. The study was already done for the period (January 2017-December 2018) to assess water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes. The results showed that the values of water temperature, the electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, sulfate SO4 2-, fluoride F−, manganese Mn−, calcium Ca+2, potassium K+, are not within the permissible levels of Yemeni and World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Therefore, the water of Assaiq and Senah can be classified as undrinkable water. In comparison with the Eaton classification, the water of Assaiq and Senah springs are not suitable for irrigation purposes due to the higher conductivity, as it is water with acute problems. Also, in comparison with the standards of the World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) results show that water of Assaiq and Senah can be used to irrigate crops that are more tolerant of salinity.