Bionic Porous Design and Mechanical Response of Short Implants

Abstract

Abstract Due to the material itself and the traditional geometric design, short implants have the problems of high stiffness, less osseointegrated area, and lower long-term reliability in clinical application. In this research, short implants with various porous structures were constructed and their biomechanical responses were evaluated, including biomechanical properties, compression capability, and stress distribution of surrounding bone tissue. Thus, three types of short implants were built: the diamond-like porous short implant (5.0 × 5.0 mm), the hexahedral porous short implant (5.0 × 5.0 mm), and the solid short implant (5.0 × 5.0 mm). Three implant-supported prosthetic models were built based on the above three implants, and their static mechanical properties were assessed. Besides, the average stiffness of regular cylindrical samples was calculated by compression test simulation. The result confirmed that hexahedral porous short implants showed minimum peak stress compared with the diamond-like porous and solid short implants. Similarly, the value of stress peaks in the bone-implant interface for the hexahedral porous short implant appeared lower than the other two short implants. Compression simulation indicated the average stiffness of cylinders after diamond-like and hexahedral porous design was 92.2% and 56.3% lower than the solid cylinder. Compared with the other two designs, the hexahedral porous short implant obtained better stress distribution, even avoiding bone overstress.