Dynamic response of a wind turbine wake subjected to surge and heave step motions under different inflow conditions

Abstract

Abstract The development of floating offshore wind turbines poses new challenges since the floating platform introduces complex dynamics in the wind turbine wake. These wake dynamics are intricately tied to the advection velocity, referring to the velocity of the downstream propagation of the air flow, and used in the context of wind farm modelling. The present article investigates the far-wake dynamic response of a wind turbine model subjected to heave (up-down translation) and surge (fore-aft translation) step motions under two distinct inflow conditions. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted with hot-wires in a realistic turbulent inflow and a low shear and no ground effect inflow, achieved by varying the hub height of the wind turbine model in the atmospheric boundary layer developed in the test section. The results show that the dynamic response of the wake under the low shear and no ground effect inflow conditions aligns with a second-order system with the presence of undershoots and overshoots. In contrast, under realistic conditions, it appears like a first-order system with undershoots and overshoots less evident in most cases. Despite these variations the determined advection velocity remains roughly the same and consistent with the literature for both heave and surge step motions, regardless of the inflow conditions.