Localized gravitons as essence of dark energy: Implications for accelerated cosmic expansion

Abstract

Abstract A theory of Emerging Quantum Mechanics (EQM) has been developed [1] con-tributing to the understanding of the measurement problem by assigning a quantum dynamical process to collapse within Schrödinger’s theory. EQM treats cosmological problems in a quantum field theory in high dimensional spacetime (11D) including matter and the gravitational field. Gravity is quantized in the weak interaction limit. The EQM Lagrangian contains terms up to fourth order in the gravitational field. Second and fourth order terms are associated with repulsive dark energy and third order terms with attractive dark matter effects. Gravonon-gravonon repulsion, i.e. dark energy in EQM, modifies the structure of the gravitational field and leads to accelerated expansion of the universe. Quantum diffusion of the matter particles in three dimensional space is suggested as the mechanism of the expansion of the universe. The rate of expansion is given by the frequency of the soft gravitational modes. A lower limit of the deceleration parameter for the expansion of the universe, derived in EQM, is in the range between -0.6 and -0.8, an observed value of -0.55 has been reported.