Azimuthal emission patterns of proton in 58Ni + 58Ni collision at intermediate energy by using a quantum molecular dynamics model

Abstract

Abstract The direct flow of a proton in the 58Ni + 58Ni collisions at incident energy 1.93 A GeV was computed by using a quantum molecular dynamics model (QMD). The mean transverse momentum projected on the reaction plane as a function normalized rapidity for the proton (〈px /mp 〉 (Y(0))) from 58Ni + 58Ni collisions with impact parameter (b) < 4 fm was studied. Furthermore, the direct flow of the proton as a function of th transverse momentum (v 1(pt )) at the incident energy 1.93 A GeV with b < 2.5 fm was investigated by taking into account the nuclear equation of state (hard and soft EoS). The theoretical results were compared with KaoS experiment and BUU model. The calculated results show that the theoretical calculations of the 〈px /mp 〉 (Y0), a soft EoS is consistent with experimental data. In addition, the v 1(pt ) is confirmed by the soft EoS that is good agreement with the experimental data at the pt < 0.6. Consequently, this work indicates that 〈px /mp 〉 (Y(0)) and v 1(pt ) are sensitive observable to probe the nuclear equation of state in dense nuclear matter.