A Comparison of Orthometric Heights Calculated from (GPS/Leveling) and (EGM08) Methods Based–GIS

Abstract

Abstract Interest in the study of global gravitational models has increased recently all over the world because it is necessary for height datum transformations. Today the International Center for Global Earth Models (ICGEM) provides the largest collection in the world produced through gravitational data from the gravitational satellite’s missions CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE … Etc. To allow easy access through the internet with its more intelligent technologies, it is one of the International Gravity Organization’s services. While the Global Positioning System (GPS) has become one of the most preferred technologies in engineering surveying, a major dilemma in GPS survey lies in oval-based elevations. At the same time, orthometric heights are commonly used in the engineering field. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the measured heights by satellites assigned to the elliptical surface into orthometric heights and supported to the geoid surface (mean sea level) through an accurate geodetic model. The differences between orthometric measurement heights from DGPS/leveling data (obtained from 57 points in the study area) are increasingly used by professionals geographical information systems(GIS). However, the local determination of Geoid is necessary for better accuracy of the orthometric height from DGPS. This paper aims to introduce a modern technique for determining elevation, avoiding cumbersome and time-consuming spirit leveling operations. Fast vertical positioning can be obtained using DGPS with geoid models. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is ± 0.19 m with high precision of DGPS derived with EGM08; thus, the more it describes the Earth’s gravitational field in more detail.