Surface energy calculation of brookite TiO2 using Inverse Wulff Construction

Abstract

Abstract The Wulff construction methodology proves to be a highly useful approach in predicting the morphologies of nanoparticles. However, this approach requires the precise determination of surface energies for all orientations, which can be a challenging task due to the inherent complexity of measuring surface-free energies. In this work, the inverse Wulff construction is employed to effectively predicted surface energies from brookite TiO2 particle morphologies. This method can provide guidance for researchers to understand how to control the brookite TiO2 crystal morphology according to the synthetic method used.