Mass-Energy-Momentum Radiation in Stueckelberg-Horwitz-Piron (SHP) Electrodynamics

Abstract

Abstract In Stueckelberg-Horwitz-Piron (SHP) electrodynamics individual particles are not restricted to fixed mass shells. Particles and fields may exchange mass along with energy-momentum, while total mass-energy-momentum is conserved for the system. By extension, interacting particles may exchange mass through the fields, and much as a radio transmitter produces electromagnetic waves that carry power to a remote radio receiver, the corresponding SHP apparatus can, in principle, transport mass across spacetime. The conserved Noether current contains energy density and energy flux density into space (Poynting 3-vector) as in Maxwell theory, as well as two additional features of the electromagnetic field: the mass density and mass flux density into spacetime (Poynting 4-vector). In this paper we consider the radiation from a simple dipole antenna in SHP, and use the mass-energy-momentum tensor to compare the results with the standard treatment in Maxwell theory. We find that mass radiation can only take place when the net charge on the entire antenna oscillates along with the current. We show that much as an ideal amplifier drives current into the antenna as the source of the radiated energy, the oscillating net charge drives spacetime events into the antenna as the source of the radiated mass. This process illuminates the event-oriented nature of mass dynamics in SHP theory.