Analysis of Ionosphere Day to Day Variability using Parametric Methods on GPS TEC

Abstract

Abstract The development of global positioning systems (GPS) has cleared the way for a better understanding of the globe and the systems surrounding the earth. The GPS signals that are sent out and received by GPS receivers are affected by severe space weather (in the ionosphere) as well as atmospheric weather and lithospheric disturbances. These disturbances not only result in inaccuracies in GPS location but also make it difficult to make the necessary corrections to those faults. The study of these perturbations is helpful in gaining an understanding of the phenomenal changes that occur in the ionosphere as a result of the Sun and its solar effects, which include solar flares, sunspot numbers, solar winds, geomagnetic fields, and natural disasters such as earthquakes and thunderstorms, among other things. In this study, an effort is made to highlight the distinctions between geomagnetic calm days and disturbed days that occurred in January 2022. The research is carried out by using parametric approaches to the GPS vertical total electron content (VTEC) at Hyderabad (17.4°N, 78.5°E), which is a station with a low height. An examination of the power spectral densities (PSDs) of both the tranquil and the disturbed conditions is carried out. The improvement in VTEC data was noted on two days in January 2022 that had low geomagnetic activity; these days were the 6th and 13th. On the sixth of January 2022, enhancements can be seen at the normalised frequencies of 0.4966 and 0.7683, with a power spectral density (PSD) of -10.14dB and -12.94dB, respectively. On the thirteenth of January 2022, enhancements can be seen at the normalised frequencies of 0.5005 and 0.956, with PSDs of -9.264dB and -8.392dB. When compared to the preceding records, it can be seen very clearly that the PSDs of both geomagnetically tranquil and disturbed days are rather comparable to one another.