Defining different type of CEJ currents based on ground-based geomagnetic data record at Langkawi station, Malaysia

Abstract

Abstract A negative decrement in geomagnetic data in equatorial region is not necessarily cause by the well-known counter electrojet, CEJ but it is also can be affected by solar activity such as a solar flare. Relying on this matter, we did a comparison between CEJ and unusual solar flare effect called as SFE* on geomagnetic data before introducing several types of CEJ that can be extracted from EUEL index. This study used ground data from MAGDAS network located in Langkawi (LKW) with 1-minutes resolution during solar cycle 24 and applied EUEL index. From the results, it is crucial to ensure the minimum duration of EUEL depletion is within an hour because less than an hour depletion could be possibly cause by solar activity. Four interval of time that has been introduced in our study composed of several types of CEJ which are morning CEJ, afternoon CEJ and evening CEJ, with additional the controversial CEJ occurrence which is night CEJ. We also successfully demonstrated a rare CEJ occurrence that associated with solar flare effect using EUEL index.