Review of numerical methods for modeling the interaction of soil environments with the tools of soil tillage machines

Abstract

Abstract A classification is given of methods for studying the process of interaction of soil environments with the tillage tools of soil-cultivating machines. The methods are divided into two groups: mathematical modeling and experimental research. Mathematical methods for studying soil interactions using numerical modeling methods that allow one to overcome the shortcomings of analytical and empirical approaches are considered in more detail. A classification, existing software, and an analysis of the possibilities of continuous and discrete numerical methods are given. Studies were performed using continual methods are analyzed: finite element method (FEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Also studies using discrete methods are considered: the discrete element method (DEM) and the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH). An analysis of existing studies has shown that the finite element method can be used for cohesive soils, making it possible to obtain both strength characteristics and data on the process of destruction and displacement of the soil massif. The computational hydrodynamics method can be effectively applied only to the study of the power characteristics of overmoistened soils. Attempts to extend this approach to a wider range of soils lead to significant errors. Discrete methods are most versatile and reliable. So the method of discrete elements allows to reliably assess both the power and quality characteristics of the tillage process. For example, the shape of the transverse profile, the degree of loosening (compaction) of the soil, the nature of mixing of the soil layers.