Integration Borg & Gall (1983) and Lee & Owen (2004) models as an alternative model of design-based research of interactive multimedia in elementary school

Abstract

Abstract Interactive multimedia has different development characteristics with other media. This article aims to form an interactive multimedia development model in elementary schools by integrating the development model of Borg & Gall and Lee & Owen. The formulation of these steps is the integration of the development model of Borg & Gall (1983) and Lee & Owen (2004). Borg & Gall focuses on developing new research-based, ready-to-use research products and Lee & Owen that are more specific in developing interactive multimedia products. Through the analysis of the advantages and limitations of each stage of Borg & Gall and Lee & Owen models can be formulated integration steps become as follows: (1) Research and Information Collecting; (2) Planning; (3) Development of Preliminary Form of Product; (4) Expert Evaluation; (5) Revisions Based on Expert Evaluation Results (Revision 1); (6) Preliminary Field Testing; (7) Main Product Revision (Revision 2); (8) Main Field Testing; (9) Operational Product Revision (Revision 3); (10) Operational Field Testing; (11) Final Product Revision (Revision 4); (12) Dissemination and Implementation. The considerations of the researchers to formulate the 12 stages are: (1) advantages of the comprehensive Borg & gall model, with a research-based product development stage and very rigorous testing phases, (2) the advantages of Lee & Owen’s model that focuses on development principles interactive multimedia, (3) the trend of interactive multimedia development research in the scope of elementary schools, and (4) the development of the era that increasingly demands technology-based media for students. The twelve stages formulated by the author above can be adjusted or modified by reducing/adding/changing according to the need to maximize research activities by other.