Abstract
Abstract
The use of transparent test/source masses can benefit future measurements of Newton’s gravitational constant G. Such transparent test mass materials can enable nondestructive, quantitative internal density gradient measurements using optical interferometry and allow in-situ optical metrology methods to be realized for the critical distance measurements often needed in a G apparatus. To confirm the sensitivity of such optical interferometry measurements to internal density gradients it is desirable to conduct a check with a totally independent technique. We present an upper bound on possible internal density gradients in lead tungstate (PbWO4) crystals using a Talbot-Lau neutron interferometer on the Cold Neutron Imaging Facility at NIST. We placed an upper bound on a fractional atomic density gradient in two PbWO4 test crystals of
1
N
d
N
d
x
<
0.5
×
10
−
6
cm−1. This value is about two orders of magnitude smaller than required for G measurements. We discuss the implications of this result and of other nondestructive methods for characterization of internal density inhomogeneties which can be applied to test masses in G experiments.
Funder
National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg
US National Science Foundation
Subject
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)