Stability and instability nature of solitons in an optical fiber with four wave mixing effect

Abstract

Abstract The investigation into modulational instability (MI) within the Kundu-Eckhaus (KE) equation, governing optical solitons, involves a thorough examination of the effects of self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, and intermodal dispersion. Special attention is given to understanding the influence of the four-wave mixing effect. The KE equation, which models birefringent fiber and includes terms related to intermodal dispersion, cross-phase modulation, and self-phase modulation, serves as the fundamental framework for this analytical study. Employing conventional linear stability analysis, the gain within the KE equation is determined. To shed light on the role of four-wave mixing in various scenarios, the gain spectrum is utilized as a tool to analyze the behavior of the KE equation under different conditions. This methodology seeks to provide insightful information about the intricate interactions that impact the modulational instability of solitonic pulses in an optical systems. After that, we have investigated the soliton solution by implementing the Jacobian elliptical function approach. Finally, our focus here is on linear stability analysis, which employs eigenvalue spectra to study solitons’ stability via direct numerical simulation.