Selection of the silicon sensor thickness for the Phase-2 upgrade of the CMS Outer Tracker

Author:

Adam W.,Bergauer T.,Blöch D.,Dragicevic M.,Frühwirth R.,Hinger V.,Steininger H.,Beaumont W.,Di Croce D.,Janssen X.,Kello T.,Lelek A.,Van Mechelen P.,Van Putte S.,Van Remortel N.,Blekman F.,Delcourt M.,D'Hondt J.,Lowette S.,Moortgat S.,Morton A.,Muller D.,Sahasransu A.R.,Sørensen Bols E.,Allard Y.,Beghin D.,Bilin B.,Clerbaux B.,De Lentdecker G.,Deng W.,Favart L.,Grebenyuk A.,Hohov D.,Kalsi A.,Khalilzadeh A.,Mahdavikhorrami M.,Makarenko I.,Moureaux L.,Popov A.,Postiau N.,Robert F.,Song Z.,Thomas L.,Vanlaer P.,Vannerom D.,Wang Q.,Wang H.,Yang Y.,Bethani A.,Bruno G.,Bury F.,Caputo C.,David P.,Deblaere A.,Delaere C.,Donertas I.S.,Giammanco A.,Lemaitre V.,Mondal K.,Prisciandaro J.,Szilasi N.,Taliercio A.,Teklishyn M.,Vischia P.,Wertz S.,Brigljević V.,Ferenček D.,Majumder D.,Mishra S.,Roguljić M.,Starodumov A.,Šuša T.,Eerola P.,Brücken E.,Lampén T.,Martikainen L.,Tuominen E.,Luukka P.,Tuuva T.,Agram J.-L.,Andrea J.,Apparu D.,Bloch D.,Bonnin C.,Bourgatte G.,Brom J.-M.,Chabert E.,Charles L.,Collard C.,Dangelser E.,Darej D.,Goerlach U.,Grimault C.,Gross L.,Haas C.,Krauth M.,Nibigira E.,Ollivier-Henry N.,Silva Jiménez E.,Asilar E.,Baulieu G.,Boudoul G.,Caponetto L.,Chanon N.,Contardo D.,Dené P.,Dupasquier T.,Galbit G.,Jain S.,Lumb N.,Mirabito L.,Nodari B.,Perries S.,Vander Donckt M.,Viret S.,Botta V.,Feld L.,Karpinski W.,Klein K.,Lipinski M.,Louis D.,Meuser D.,Pauls A.,Pierschel G.,Rauch M.,Röwert N.,Schulz J.,Teroerde M.,Wlochal M.,Dziwok C.,Fluegge G.,Pooth O.,Stahl A.,Ziemons T.,Cheng C.,Connor P.,De Wit A.,Eckerlin G.,Eckstein D.,Gallo E.,Guthoff M.,Harb A.,Kleinwort C.,Mankel R.,Maser H.,Meyer M.,Muhl C.,Mussgiller A.,Otarid Y.,Pitzl D.,Reichelt O.,Savitskyi M.,Stever R.,Tonon N.,Velyka A.,Walsh R.,Wang Q.,Zuber A.,Abbas M.,Ardila L.,Balzer M.,Barvich T.,Blank T.,Butz E.,Caselle M.,De Boer W.,Dierlamm A.,Droll A.,Elicabuk U.,El Morabit K.,Hartmann F.,Husemann U.,Koppenhöfer R.,Maier S.,Mallows S.,Mehner T.,Metzler M.,Modes J.,Müller-Gosewisch J.-O.,Muller Th.,Neufeld M.,Nürnberg A.,Sander O.,Schell D.,Schröder M.,Shvetsov I.,Simonis H.J.,Stanulla J.,Steck P.,Wassmer M.,Weber M.,Weddigen A.,Wittig F.,Anagnostou G.,Assiouras P.,Daskalakis G.,Kazas I.,Kyriakis A.,Loukas D.,Balázs T.,Márton K.,Siklér F.,Veszprémi V.,Das A.,Kar C.,Mal P.,Mohanty R.,Saha P.,Swain S.,Bhardwaj A.,Jain C.,Jain G.,Kumar A.,Ranjan K.,Saumya S.,Bhattacharya R.,Dutta S.,Palit P.,Saha G.,Sarkar S.,Cariola P.,Creanza D.,de Palma M.,De Robertis G.,Fiore L.,Ince M.,Loddo F.,Maggi G.,Martiradonna S.,Mongelli M.,My S.,Selvaggi G.,Silvestris L.,Albergo S.,Costa S.,Di Mattia A.,Potenza R.,Saizu M.A.,Tricomi A.,Tuve C.,Barbagli G.,Brianzi M.,Cassese A.,Ceccarelli R.,Ciaranfi R.,Ciulli V.,Civinini C.,D'Alessandro R.,Fiori F.,Focardi E.,Latino G.,Lenzi P.,Lizzo M.,Meschini M.,Paoletti S.,Seidita R.,Sguazzoni G.,Viliani L.,Ferro F.,Robutti E.,Brivio F.,Dinardo M.E.,Dini P.,Gennai S.,Guzzi L.,Malvezzi S.,Menasce D.,Moroni L.,Pedrini D.,Zuolo D.,Azzi P.,Bacchetta N.,Bortignon P.,Bisello D.,Dorigo T.,Tosi M.,Yarar H.,Gaioni L.,Manghisoni M.,Ratti L.,Re V.,Riceputi E.,Traversi G.,Asenov P.,Baldinelli G.,Bianchi F.,Bilei G.M.,Bizzaglia S.,Caprai M.,Checcucci B.,Ciangottini D.,Fanò L.,Farnesini L.,Ionica M.,Magherini M.,Mantovani G.,Mariani V.,Menichelli M.,Morozzi A.,Moscatelli F.,Passeri D.,Piccinelli A.,Placidi P.,Rossi A.,Santocchia A.,Spiga D.,Storchi L.,Tedeschi T.,Turrioni C.,Azzurri P.,Bagliesi G.,Basti A.,Beccherle R.,Bertacchi V.,Bianchini L.,Boccali T.,Bosi F.,Castaldi R.,Ciocci M.A.,Dell'Orso R.,Donato S.,Giassi A.,Grippo M.T.,Ligabue F.,Magazzu G.,Manca E.,Mandorli G.,Massa M.,Mazzoni E.,Messineo A.,Moggi A.,Morsani F.,Palla F.,Parolia S.,Raffaelli F.,Ramirez Sanchez G.,Rizzi A.,Roy Chowdhury S.,Spagnolo P.,Tenchini R.,Tonelli G.,Venturi A.,Verdini P.G.,Bellan R.,Coli S.,Costa M.,Covarelli R.,Dellacasa G.,Demaria N.,Garbolino S.,Grippo M.,Migliore E.,Monteil E.,Monteno M.,Ortona G.,Pacher L.,Rivetti A.,Solano A.,Vagnerini A.,Ambrozas M.,Juodagalvis A.,Rinkevicius A.,Ahmad A.,Muhammad S.,Sultan A.,Curras Rivera E.,Duarte Campderros J.,Fernandez M.,Garcia Alonso A.,Gomez G.,Gonzalez Sanchez F.J.,Jaramillo Echeverria R.,Moya D.,Ruiz Jimeno A.,Scodellaro L.,Vila I.,Virto A.L.,Vizan Garcia J.M.,Abbaneo D.,Ahmed I.,Albert E.,Almeida J.,Barinoff M.,Batista Lopes J.,Bergamin G.,Blanchot G.,Boyer F.,Caratelli A.,Carnesecchi R.,Ceresa D.,Christiansen J.,Cichy K.,Daguin J.,Detraz S.,Dudek M.,Emriskova N.,Faccio F.,Frank N.,French T.,Hollos A.,Hugo G.,Kaplon J.,Kerekes Z.,Kloukinas K.,Koss N.,Kottelat L.,Koukola D.,Kovacs M.,La Rosa A.,Lenoir P.,Loos R.,Marchioro A.,Mateos Dominguez I.,Mersi S.,Michelis S.,Millet A.,Onnela A.,Orfanelli S.,Pakulski T.,Papadopoulos A.,Perez A.,Perez Gomez F.,Pernot J.-F.,Petagna P.,Piazza Q.,Rose P.,Scarfì S.,Sinani M.,Tavares Rego R.,Tropea P.,Troska J.,Tsirou A.,Vasey F.,Vichoudis P.,Zografos A.,Bertl W.,Caminada L.,Ebrahimi A.,Erdmann W.,Horisberger R.,Kaestli H.-C.,Kotlinski D.,Langenegger U.,Meier B.,Missiroli M.,Noehte L.,Rohe T.,Streuli S.,Androsov K.,Backhaus M.,Becker R.,Berger P.,De Cosa A.,di Calafiori D.,Calandri A.,Djambazov L.,Donega M.,Dorfer C.,Eble F.,Glessgen F.,Grab C.,Hits D.,Lustermann W.,Meinhard M.,Niedziela J.,Perovic V.,Reichmann M.,Ristic B.,Roeser U.,Ruini D.,Sörensen J.,Wallny R.,Bösiger K.,Brzhechko D.,Canelli F.,Cormier K.,Del Burgo R.,Huwiler M.,Jofrehei A.,Kilminster B.,Leontsinis S.,Macchiolo A.,Molinatti U.,Maier R.,Mikuni V.,Neutelings I.,Reimers A.,Robmann P.,Takahashi Y.,Wolf D.,Chen P.-H.,Hou W.-S.,Lu R.-S.,Clement E.,Cussans D.,Goldstein J.,Seif El Nasr-Storey S.,Stylianou N.,Coughlan J.A.,Harder K.,Manolopoulos K.,Tomalin I.R.,Bainbridge R.,Borg J.,Brown C.,Fedi G.,Hall G.,Monk D.,Pesaresi M.,Uchida K.,Coldham K.,Cole J.,Ghorbani M.,Khan A.,Kyberd P.,Reid I.D.,Bartek R.,Dominguez A.,Uniyal R.,Vargas Hernandez A.M.,Benelli G.,Burkle B.,Coubez X.,Heintz U.,Hinton N.,Hogan J.,Honma A.,Korotkov A.,Li D.,Lukasik M.,Narain M.,Sagir S.,Simpson F.,Spencer E.,Usai E.,Voelker J.,Wong W.Y.,Zhang W.,Cannaert E.,Chertok M.,Conway J.,Haza G.,Hemer D.,Jensen F.,Thomson J.,Wei W.,Welton T.,Yohay R.,Zhang F.,Hanson G.,Si W.,Chang P.,Cooperstein S.B.,Deelen N.,Gerosa R.,Giannini L.,Krutelyov S.,Sathia B.N.,Sharma V.,Tadel M.,Yagil A.,Dutta V.,Gouskos L.,Incandela J.,Kilpatrick M.,Kyre S.,Qu H.,Quinnan M.,Cumalat J.P.,Ford W.T.,MacDonald E.,Perloff A.,Stenson K.,Ulmer K.A.,Wagner S.R.,Alexander J.,Bordlemay Padilla Y.,Bright-Thonney S.,Chen X.,Cheng Y.,Conway J.,Cranshaw D.,Datta A.,Filenius A.,Hogan S.,Lantz S.,Monroy J.,Postema H.,Quach D.,Reichert J.,Reid M.,Riley D.,Ryd A.,Smolenski K.,Strohman C.,Thom J.,Wittich P.,Zou R.,Bakshi A.,Berry D.R.,Burkett K.,Butler D.,Canepa A.,Derylo G.,Dickinson J.,Di Petrillo K.F.,Ghosh A.,Gingu C.,Gonzalez H.,Grünendahl S.,Horyn L.,Johnson M.,Klabbers P.,Lei C.M.,Lipton R.,Los S.,Merkel P.,Murat P.,Nahn S.,Ravera F.,Rivera R.,Spiegel L.,Uplegger L.,Voirin E.,Weber H.A.,Becerril Gonzalez H.,Dittmer S.,Evdokimov A.,Evdokimov O.,Gerber C.E.,Hofman D.J.,Mills C.,Roy T.,Rudrabhatla S.,Yoo J.,Alhusseini M.,Durgut S.,Nachtman J.,Onel Y.,Rude C.,Snyder C.,Yi K.,Amram O.,Eminizer N.,Gritsan A.,Kyriacou S.,Maksimovic P.,Mantilla Suarez C.,Roskes J.,Swartz M.,Vami T.,Anguiano J.,Bean A.,Khalil S.,Schmitz E.,Wilson G.,Ivanov A.,Mitchell T.,Modak A.,Taylor R.,Acosta J.G.,Cremaldi L.M.,Oliveros S.,Perera L.,Summers D.,Bloom K.,Claes D.R.,Fangmeier C.,Golf F.,Joo C.,Kravchenko I.,Siado J.,Iashvili I.,Kharchilava A.,McLean C.,Nguyen D.,Pekkanen J.,Rappoccio S.,Albert A.,Demiragli Z.,Gastler D.,Hazen E.,Peck A.,Rohlf J.,Li J.,Parker A.,Skinnari L.,Hahn K.,Liu Y.,Sung K.,Cardwell B.,Francis B.,Hill C.S.,Wei K.,Malik S.,Norberg S.,Ramirez Vargas J.E.,Chawla R.,Das S.,Jones M.,Jung A.,Koshy A.,Liu M.,Negro G.,Thieman J.,Cheng T.,Dolen J.,Parashar N.,Ecklund K.M.,Freed S.,Kumar A.,Liu H.,Nussbaum T.,Demina R.,Dulemba J.,Hindrichs O.,Korjenevski S.,Bartz E.,Gandrakotra A.,Gershtein Y.,Halkiadakis E.,Hart A.,Lath A.,Nash K.,Osherson M.,Schnetzer S.,Stone R.,Eusebi R.,D'Angelo P.

Abstract

Abstract During the operation of the CMS experiment at the High-Luminosity LHC the silicon sensors of the Phase-2 Outer Tracker will be exposed to radiation levels that could potentially deteriorate their performance. Previous studies had determined that planar float zone silicon with n-doped strips on a p-doped substrate was preferred over p-doped strips on an n-doped substrate. The last step in evaluating the optimal design for the mass production of about 200 m2 of silicon sensors was to compare sensors of baseline thickness (about 300 μm) to thinned sensors (about 240 μm), which promised several benefits at high radiation levels because of the higher electric fields at the same bias voltage. This study provides a direct comparison of these two thicknesses in terms of sensor characteristics as well as charge collection and hit efficiency for fluences up to 1.5 × 1015 neq/cm2. The measurement results demonstrate that sensors with about 300 μm thickness will ensure excellent tracking performance even at the highest considered fluence levels expected for the Phase-2 Outer Tracker.

Publisher

IOP Publishing

Subject

Mathematical Physics,Instrumentation

Reference38 articles.

Cited by 4 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. The CMS Outer Tracker for the High Luminosity LHC;Proceedings of the 31st International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX2022);2024-06-23

2. Test beam performance of a CBC3-based mini-module for the Phase-2 CMS Outer Tracker before and after neutron irradiation;Journal of Instrumentation;2023-04-01

3. CMS Outer Tracker Phase-2 Upgrade module noise and mitigation;Journal of Instrumentation;2022-12-01

4. Silicon sensors for the Phase-2 upgrade of the CMS Outer Tracker; status and early results from the production phase;Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment;2022-10

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