Author:
Brizzolari C.,Carniti P.,Cattadori C.,Cristaldo E.,de la Torre Rojo A.,Delgado M.,Falcone A.,Francis K.,Gallice N.,Gotti C.,Guarise M.,Montagna E.,Montanari A.,Pessina G.,Pozzato M.,Smolik J.,Terranova F.,Tomassetti L.,Verdugo de Osa A.,Warner D.,Zalesak J.,Zani A.,Zuklin J.,Zutshi V.
Abstract
Abstract
The photon detection system of the first far detector (FD1-HD) of the DUNE experiment will
detect scintillation photons produced by particle interactions in a kiloton-scale liquid Argon
time projection chamber. The photon detectors of choice are silicon photomultipliers (SiPM),
6×6 mm2 each, arranged in groups of 48, which present a significantly low
impedance to the front-end electronics. This paper details the design of a cryogenic amplifier
with exceptionally low white voltage noise of 0.37 nV√(Hz), based on a silicon-germanium
input transistor and a BiCMOS fully differential operational amplifier. It yields excellent
single photoelectron resolution even at low overvoltage values. The signal rise time is below 100 ns, and the dynamic range is about 2000 photoelectrons at the typical operating overvoltage. It
draws 0.7 mA from a single 3.3 V supply, for a power consumption of 2.4 mW
per channel. Simplified models were developed to predict the single photolectron signal shape and
the signal to noise ratio, with a good match to measured performance.
Subject
Mathematical Physics,Instrumentation
Cited by
8 articles.
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