Abstract
Abstract
Bacteria are among the oldest and most abundant species on Earth. Bacteria successfully colonize diverse habitats and play a significant role in the oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. They also form human and animal microbiota and may become sources of pathogens and a cause of many infectious diseases. Suspensions of motile bacteria constitute one of the most studied examples of active matter: a broad class of non-equilibrium systems converting energy from the environment (e.g., chemical energy of the nutrient) into mechanical motion. Concentrated bacterial suspensions, often termed active fluids, exhibit complex collective behavior, such as large-scale turbulent-like motion (so-called bacterial turbulence) and swarming. The activity of bacteria also affects the effective viscosity and diffusivity of the suspension. This work reports on the progress in bacterial active matter from the physics viewpoint. It covers the key experimental results, provides a critical assessment of major theoretical approaches, and addresses the effects of visco-elasticity, liquid crystallinity, and external confinement on collective behavior in bacterial suspensions.
Subject
General Physics and Astronomy
Reference275 articles.
1. The 2020 motile active matter roadmap;Gompper;J. Phys.: Condens. Matter,2020
2. Active colloids;Aranson;Phys.-Usp.,2013
3. Dry aligning dilute active matter;Chaté;Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys.,2020
4. Active particles in complex and crowded environments;Bechinger;Rev. Mod. Phys.,2016
5. Hydrodynamics of soft active matter;Marchetti;Rev. Mod. Phys.,2013
Cited by
22 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献