Time-of-flight (TOF) implementation for PET reconstruction in practice

Author:

Filipović Marina,Comtat Claude,Stute Simon

Abstract

Abstract The time-of-flight (TOF) feature of PET scanners has been used for a long time in PET reconstruction, but many implementational aspects are still incomplete or ambiguous in the literature. Here we formalize and present theoretical and practical implementation details for the reconstruction of clinical TOF histogram and list-mode data using ML-EM. Relevant aspects include the computation of the TOF component of the system matrix, the processing of TOF bins, the use of estimations of random and scattered coincidences, and differences between histogram and list-mode ML-EM TOF reconstruction. Several approaches and approximations have been implemented in the CASToR platform and compared for OSEM reconstructions of patient data from the GE Signa PET/MR scanner. Differences between implementations are not larger than the typical bias in clinical data reconstruction. The largest difference and contrast loss occur when the processing of histogram TOF bins is simplified, and list-mode reconstruction is most sensitive to the truncation of the Gaussian TOF probability distribution.

Publisher

IOP Publishing

Subject

Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology

Reference18 articles.

Cited by 6 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. A Monte-Carlo simulation study for design of brain dedicated TOF-PET;Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment;2024-02

2. Assessment of Gaussian and Multi-gaussian Kernel Models for the Reconstruction of TOF-PET Datasets with Event-by-Event Variable Time Resolution;2022 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC);2022-11-05

3. A Pseudo-TOF Image Reconstruction Approach for Three-Gamma Small Animal Imaging;IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences;2021-11

4. Improvement of Spatial Resolution With Iterative PET Reconstruction Using Ultrafast TOF;IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences;2021-09

5. TOF Benefits and Trade-offs on Image Contrast-to-Noise Ratio Performance for a Small Animal PET Scanner;IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences;2021-09

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