Markers of economic activity in satellite aerosol optical depth data

Abstract

Abstract This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD), to explore the hypothesis that if changes in economic activity are seen in emissions of NO2, an aerosol precursor, then AOD should change commensurably. We developed a technique to filter AOD data to isolate changes associated with anthropogenic emissions. Overall, in 37 of the 43 cities that were identified as top oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) emitters from their transportation sectors, AODs decreased by 21.2% ± 7.8%, 18.9% ± 11.7%, 27% ± 12.4%, 22.9% ± 7.6% in the United States, India, western Europe, and China, respectively—an average of 22.4% ± 7.4%. In contrast, AODs increased on average by 11.7% ± 8.4% in Taiwan, where economic stimulus was used as a strategy during the pandemic. This analysis implies NO x and volatile organic compounds emissions reductions from the transportation sector can be targeted, and by transitioning 6 million light duty vehicles from gasoline to electricity, the US can achieve 21% improvement in AOD.