Divergent response of crops and natural vegetation to the record-breaking extreme precipitation event in 2020 modulated by topography

Abstract

Abstract Extreme precipitation events have posed a threat to global terrestrial ecosystems in recent decades. However, the response of terrestrial ecosystems to extreme precipitation in areas with various vegetation types and complex topography remains unclear. Here, we used satellite-based solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, a direct proxy of photosynthetic activity, to assess the response of vegetation to the record-breaking extreme precipitation event during the East Asia monsoon season in eastern China in 2020. Our results demonstrate that vegetation was adaptable to moderate increases in precipitation, but photosynthetic activity was significantly inhibited by exposure to extreme precipitation because of insufficient photosynthetically active radiation and waterlogging. The responses of vegetation photosynthesis to extreme precipitation were regulated by both vegetation type and topography. Crops in the lowland areas in eastern China were severely damaged due to their higher vulnerability and exposure to extreme precipitation. The topography-induced redistribution of precipitation accounts for the modulation of vegetation response to extreme precipitation. Our research highlights the urgent need for effective management and adaptive measures of croplands under the elevated risk of extreme precipitation in the future.