Quantitative assessment of carotid ultrasound diameter measurements in the operating room: a comparable analysis of long-axis versus rotated and tilted orientation

Abstract

Abstract Objective. Carotid ultrasound (US) has been studied as a non-invasive alternative for hemodynamic monitoring. A long-axis (LA) view is traditionally employed but is difficult to maintain and operator experience may impact the diameter estimates, making it unsuitable for monitoring. Preliminary results show that a new, i.e. rotated and tilted (RT) view is more robust to motion and less operator-dependent. This study aimed to quantitatively assess common carotid diameter estimates obtained in a clinical setting from an RT view and compare those to corresponding estimates obtained using other views. Approach. Carotid US measurements were performed in 30 adult cardiac-surgery patients (26 males, 4 females) with short-axis (SA), LA, and RT probe orientations, the first being used as a reference for measuring the true vessel diameter. Per 30 s acquisition, the median and spread in diameter values were computed, the latter representing a measure of robustness, and were statistically compared between views. Main results. The median (IQR) over all the patients of the median diameter per 30 s acquisition was 7.15 (1.15) mm for the SA view, 7.03 (1.51) mm for the LA view, and 6.99 (1.72) mm for the RT view. The median spread in diameter values was 0.18 mm for the SA view, 0.16 mm for the LA view, and 0.18 mm for the RT view. There were no statistically significant differences between views in the median diameter values (p = 0.088) or spread (p = 0.122). Significance. The RT view results in comparable and equally robust median carotid diameter values compared to the reference. These findings open the path for future studies investigating the use of the RT view in new applications, such as in wearable ultrasound devices.