Dynamics of bubble-shaped Bose–Einstein condensates on two-dimensional cross-section in micro-gravity environment

Abstract

We investigated the dynamic evolution and interference phenomena of bubble-shaped Bose–Einstein condensates achievable in a micro-gravity environment. Using numerical solutions of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation describing the dynamic evolution of the bubble-shaped Bose–Einstein condensates, we plotted the evolution of the wave function density distribution on its two-dimensional (2D) cross-section and analysed the resulting patterns. We found that changes in the strength of atomic interactions and initial momentum can affect the dynamic evolution of the bubble-shaped Bose–Einstein condensates and their interference fringes. Notably, we have observed that when the initial momentum is sufficiently high, the thickness of the bubble-shaped Bose–Einstein condensate undergoes a counterintuitive thinning, which is a counterintuitive result that requires further investigation. Our findings are poised to advance our comprehension of the physical essence of bubble-shaped Bose–Einstein condensates and to facilitate the development of relevant experiments in micro-gravity environments.