Coherent interaction and action–counteraction theory in small polaron systems, and ground state properties

Abstract

Based on the coherent interaction and action–counteraction principles, we investigate the ground state properties for small polaron systems, the coherent-squeezed fluctuation correction, and the anomalous lattice quantum fluctuation, with the new variational generator containing correlated squeezed-coherent coupling and quantum entanglement. Noting that −2t is the T.B.A. energy, for the coherent interaction effect, we find the ground-state energy E 0 to be −2.428t, in which the coherent squeezed fluctuation correction −A 0 t is −0.463t (where t is the hopping integral, ω is the phonon frequency), with the electron–one-phonon coupling constant g = 1 and the electron–two-phonon coupling constant g 1 = −0.1. However, as a result of the action–counteraction effect, E ∼ 0 is −2.788t, but − A ∼ 0 t is −0.735t. As to the polaron binding energy (E P), for the coherent interaction effect, E P is −1.38ω, but for the action–counteraction effect, E ∼ P is −1.88ω. In particular, the electron–two-phonon interaction noticeably enlarges the coherent interaction and the coherent squeezed quantum fluctuation correction. By intervening with the quantum entanglement, the evolutions of the squeezed coherent state and the lattice quantum fluctuation begin to take control. At that time, we encounter a new quantum phase coherence phenomenon — the collapse and revival of inversion repeatedly for the coherent state in the entangled evolution.