Phase-matching quantum key distribution based on orbital angular momentum under atmospheric turbulence

Abstract

Abstract We propose a phase-matching quantum key distribution (PM-QKD) protocol based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) to exceed the linear key-rate bound without quantum repeater in the paper, named OAM-PM-QKD protocol, where the coherent state consisting of OAM with opposite topological charges is used as the information carrier. With the equivalent entanglement distillation model, we analyze its security and then derive its key generation rate. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed OAM-PM-QKD protocol is able to exceed the linear key-rate bound when the transmission distance exceeds 230 km, and the maximum secure transmission distance is also longer than those of original PM-QKD protocol due to no misalignment in the basis. Furthermore, the influence of the atmospheric turbulence (AT) on the key generation rate is also discussed. The stronger the strength of AT is, the shorter the transmission distance is.