The Effect of Wheat Residue Management and Organic and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Abstract

Abstract A general experiment was carried out in Kirkuk Governorate / Hawija District in the fields of the Mixed Vocational Riyadh Preparatory School during the summer season of 2023, to determine the effect of burning waste and organic fertilization on some growth characteristics and condition of the sunflower crop. The experiment included three factors, the first factor (wheat residues): leaving the residues. Burning the remains. The second factor (organic fertilization): (0 and 12,000) kg h−1. The third factor (nitrogen fertilization) included four levels (0, 100, 200, and 400) kg h−1. The experiment was designed according to a split-plate design, where waste management was placed in the main plots, organic fertilization in the secondary plots, and nitrogen fertilization in the secondary plots, with three replicates. The results showed that the burning of waste and the level of organic fertilization (12,000) kg −1 and nitrogen fertilization (400) kgN h−1 were significantly superior and gave the highest average for the dry weight of the first and second mowing, the economic and biological yield, the N concentration, and the vegetative total, with an average of (49.21) g. Plant−1and (121.00) gm Plant-1and (7619) kg h−1 and (22.20) tons h−1 and (2.88)% and (0.329)%, respectively.