Study of Salt Phases and Groundwater Chemically in some Iraqi Soils

Abstract

Abstract The current study includes an assessment of shura soil and groundwater salinity in central and southern Iraq. Through research, it has been revealed that the study area is experiencing severe salinization in various environments. The reason behind this is attributed to the high temperatures, increased evaporation rates, and low surface slope. Additionally, the rise in groundwater levels has led to secondary salinization when water withdraws during dry conditions, resulting in salt accumulation in the soil profile, especially in surface horizons due to water evaporation. The results indicated a significant impact of some chemical properties of soil and groundwater, including ESP, SAR, MCAR, P.S, Na, CROSS, and the quantity of soluble salts. It is also considered a crucial indicator of soil salinity in the study area, either directly through its high statistically significant relationship with measured salinity or indirectly through its impact on increasing the SAR ratio in the soil. Chloride salts are identified as the primary cause of elevated soil salinity. When selecting the relationship between ESP and SAR in the soil.