Ecological and biological features of adaptation of deciduous plants to chemical stress

Abstract

Abstract In the urbanized environment, young plants lack moisture due to the limited space. This violates photosynthesis and respiration. To normalize respiration, the plant reduces excessive evaporation and evens out the water balance showing signs of xeromorphy. For the human environment, decorative and appearance of greenery are crucial. The purpose of the article is to study adaptive abilities of deciduous plants when using glyphosate-based herbicidal preparations, 2, 4-D, dicamba, triasulfuron, and clopyralid. Anatomical and morphological changes at the cellular and organismic levels in young Tilia cordata Mill plants were identified: the size and density of stomata; frequency of stop cells of stomata; plant height; the number of shoots. The use of glyphosate, 2, 4-D, dicamba, triasulfuron, clopyralid stimulated the height of shoots and increased the frequency of occurrence of guard cells with a length “0.15-0.19” mm. When using herbicides as a factor of chemical stress, the number of stomata per 1 mm2 of the leaf surface increased. Ecological and biological plasticity of Tilia cordata Mill under environmental pollution (chemical stress) was identified. It is useful for directed formation of xeromorphic signs in young plants and further planting in urbanized conditions.