Risk factors and characteristics of laryngeal carcinoma in the developing region of Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract In developing regions such as West Nusa Tenggara (WNT), Indonesia, industry, transportation, and lifestyle were also developed synergistically. This development will lead to several consequences such as air pollution, traffic, etc. On the other hand, Laryngeal cancer remains the dominant cancer in the head and neck. It is related to environmental factors such as air pollution as well as a smoking habit. Laryngeal cancer is commonly found in the advanced stage. The study aims to know the factors associated with laryngeal cancer occurrence and the characteristics of the diseases. A retrospective study was conducted through medical records exploration in WNT General Hospital from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2019. All patients in this period will be included as a subject. All risk factors and characteristics of patients were recorded, then analyzed descriptively. Nineteenth patients fulfilled the criteria in the study period. Most of them were male, low socio-economic status, and has a smoking habit. The symptom when the patients seeking medical advice were mainly hoarseness and hoarseness with dyspnea. Predominantly, the patients came in late-stage. Furthermore, the most treatment given was the combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The main histopathology result was undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma.