Shoots and Roots Induction of Garlic on Different Composition of Plant Growth Regulators and Photoperiod

Abstract

Abstract Plant Growth Regulators and photoperiods will affect callus morphogenesis from garlic bulbils. The study aimed to obtain the best interaction between media composition and photoperiod for shoots and root induction of the garlic callus. The research has two-stage. The first stage consisted of two factors. The first factor is the combination of PGR for shoots induction which consists of three combinations, i.e., 0.1 ppm NAA + 1 ppm BAP, 2 ppm NAA + 2 ppm BAP, and 0.4 ppm 2,4-D + 2 ppm kinetin. The second factor is photoperiod which consists of 10, 16, and 22-h light conditions. The second stage is the root induction in different PGRs (2 ppm IBA and 0.2 ppm NAA + 2.25 ppm BA) under continuous dark conditions. The results of the first stage showed that the PGR produced the most shoots was 0.1 ppm NAA + 1 ppm BAP. After four weeks, the frequency of an explant emerging during the shoot reached 64% on media 0.1 ppm NAA + 1 ppm BAP. The treatment MS media supplemented with 0.1 ppm NAA + 1 ppm BAP at 16-h photoperiods increased the growth of shoots per explant in 11-15 shoots and produced the most extended shoot length. The result of the second stage showed that the number of roots on 2 ppm IBA is the same as NAA 0,2 ppm + BA 2,25 ppm, but the treatment 2 ppm IBA has the highest root number in three months.